The Problem statements

Plants grow in the outdoors have a variety of insecticides and pesticides labeled for pest control. Many states regulate limit the products available for pest control in greenhouse-grown plants, making pest control much more difficult. This is especially problematic in vegetables grown in the greenhouse, such as tomatoes. Pest control in green houses relies on cultural pest control methods

STEP 1: Selection of site:
We will avoid pests by selecting a planting site that is ideal for the crop and the natural enemies of the pest, but unfavorable for the pest itself. Factors to consider will include the history of the site (e.g., whether the pest has occurred in this location in the past), its proximity to potential sites with abundant natural controls (hedges, field borders and bodies of water), climate, microclimate, topography, elevation, slope, aspect, soil conditions, weed species, etc. We have the capacity at Jannakill Pest Solution to effect site selection with ease.

STEP 2: Planting design and management:
Crop isolation: we will advise on the location of crops with respect to one another and their degree of isolation because this can affect their likelihood of being invaded by pests. Isolation from old crops of the same type, and from closely related indigenous host-plants that act as sources of pests, is one way we reduce the probability of attack. The chances of invasion occurring will, however, increase with time. Hence, this practice is most appropriate for annual crops, especially when climatic conditions are not ideal. Separation of sequentially planted crops in time to disrupt host-plant continuity and prevent easy pest dispersal has proved to us to be useful, e.g., for carrot fly control.

Planting density and spacing: Our primary objective in this cultural method is to maximize yield per unit area without reducing crop quality, so that yield advantages override pest incidence reduction. It can also be used to reduce pest numbers and damage. Spacing may affect the relative rate of growth of the plant and its pest population per unit of time, and the behavior of the insect pest in searching for food or for an oviposition site. It is based on the following observations:

1. Close spacing may add to the effectiveness of natural enemies and result in greater control of a pest population;
2. Some insect pests are attracted by low density planting because they are silhouetted against bare ground.
3. Some populations of pests can increase on high density crops. Because of the variety of existing responses to crop spacing, Jannakill Pest Solution detailed knowledge of the pest's biology is of extreme importance.
4. We will also use plant spacing to promote vigorous and strong plants, which in itself can be a good cultural control measure.

Mixed cropping: in this approach, we will grow more than one crop on the same piece of land. This reduces phytophagous insect pests by encouraging increases in natural enemies due to:

1. Greater temporal and spatial distribution of nectar and pollen sources;
2. Increased ground cover, particularly important for diurnal enemies;
3. Increased prey, offering alternative food sources when the pest species are scarce or at an appropriate time in the predator's life cycle. It also affects the pest's ability to find host plants by conferring associational resistance, by the non-host plant masking the odors of the host plant.

Timing of seeding and planting: we largely use this to:

1. Avoid invasion by migrants, or the oviposition period of particular pests, and the introduction of disease in the crop by insect vectors;
2. To synchronize the pest attack with its natural enemies, with weather conditions that are adverse for the pest or with the abundance of an alternative host;
3. To make it possible to destroy the crop before the pest enters diapause.

We will use Timing to allow young plants to establish a tolerant stage before attack occurs, to reduce the susceptible period of attack, to mature the crop before a pest becomes abundant, to allow it to compensate for damage and to fill gaps where plants have been damaged or killed, and to avoid the egg-laying period of a particular pest.

Crop rotation: an effective rotation is one in which a crop of one plant family is followed by one from a different family that is not a host crop of the pest to be controlled. Most common rotations include grasses, legumes and root crops. Our experience in  crop rotations has proved effective against pests that have a limited host-plant range and dispersiveness and/or that cannot survive for more than one or two seasons without suitable host crops.

Destruction of volunteer plants: such plants are very attractive to many insects and serve as the focal point for future infestations. We will destroy them in order to help reduce perpetuation of a pest problem.

Management of alternate hosts: many insects reproduce on weeds or other alternate hosts and then attack the main crops. We therefore usually desire to destroy brambles or other weeds on uncultivated land to assist in the control of insects. We take care, however, not to destroy nursery sites for the pest's natural enemies.

Management of trap crops: trap crops (often small plantings, often made earlier than the main plantings) are used to divert insect attack away from the crop at risk by using more attractive food sources. The trap crop must usually be destroyed before the insects reproduce.  We will enable you to choose the most appropriate trap crops.
This method involves the planting of a crop upon infested land so that the pest is stimulated to attack, but the crop is either removed before the pest can complete its life cycle or it will not provide all the requirements necessary for the completion of the pest's life cycle. Alternatively the trap crop may be preferentially attacked in the presence of the crop one needs to protect.

Management of nursery crops: like trap crops, these are plants that are more attractive to the pest than the commercial crop, but in this case the aim is to provide a site where both pests and their natural controls can build up, the latter dispersing to the nursery crop and providing effective control. We are good in providing nursery crop solutions.

Management of surrounding environments (field borders, hedges, adjacent woodlots and bodies of water): these habitats can be designed and managed to provide ideal conditions for the natural enemies of pests. This will involve our providing suitable flowering plants for predators and parasites of pests.

STEP 3: Maintenance of site:
Cultivation, tillage: our approach can help in the control of soil inhabiting forms of field crop pests by:

1. Bringing larvae and pupae onto the soil surface, thereby exposing them to desiccation and predation, freezing and thawing;
2. Damaging the pest in its soil inhabiting phase;
3. Destroying crop residues, which might harbor pests that could invade new crops;
4. Burying residues so deep that emergence from eggs or pupae is made impossible.

Fertilization, liming and manuring:

1. Plant nutrition can influence the feeding, longevity and fecundity of phytophagous pests; the common fertilizer elements (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) can have direct and indirect effects on pest suppression. In general, nitrogen in high concentrations has the reputation of increasing pest incidence, particularly of sucking pests such as mites and aphids. On the other hand, phosphorous and potassium additions are known to reduce the incidence of certain pests. We will advise on the best fertilizers to use.
2. Fertilization promotes rapid growth and shortens the susceptible stages of plants. It gives better tolerance to, and opportunity to compensate for, pest damage. Trace mineral and plant hormones sprays (e.g., from seaweed extracts) have been found to reduce damage by certain pests. We will always be there to assist in this issue.

Timing of tillage and fertilization operations: this may affect pests favorably or unfavorably. We will make efforts to avoid damage and stress to plants, and also over fertilization, thereby avoiding making the crop particularly attractive and susceptible to pests.

Pruning, defoliation and topping: during the dormant phase, removal and destruction of dead, diseased, or infested wood can greatly reduce stages of pest populations and thus their spread the next year. Pruning that is excessive, (e.g., in relation to fertilization practices), can increase the population of certain pests. We will enable farmers to make the correct decisions on this.

Irrigation, drainage: moisture is an important limiting factor that affects the survival of some pests. Where sufficient water is available, flooding is sometimes used for insect and nematode control. This can be used to eliminate certain species within days. Certain other species are unable to withstand desiccation. Where these occur, drying out the soil is an effective control measure.

Sanitation and crop residue destruction: we will use this method to reduce pest infestation through the removal of breeding and hibernating sites. Sanitation has broad applicability; to be most effective; it requires knowledge of the habits of the pest species and careful timing and that is why you need the experience of Jannakill Pest Solution. It involves:

1. Eradication of harmful weed hosts or alternate hosts;
2. Timely destruction of crop residues;
3. Cleaning of field borders of alternate hosts, and removal of scrub or shelter in which pests might hide.

 Mulches: natural or synthetic soil coverings may encourage or discourage pests. Plastic mulches may exclude soil pests, and organic mulches may permit their control by providing a suitable habitat for their natural enemies. This can help control a number of pests. We will advise on the correct mulching depending on the type of pest.

STEP 4: Harvesting procedures:
Timing of harvesting: Timing of harvesting can be used to disrupt survival of the pest in its habitat or destroying immature insects that are in the foliage. We have vast experience on the timing schedules of several greenhouse plants.